MEL, a startup founded in 2009, announced plans for a low-power, tunable DWDM SFP transceiver (TRx) that will leverage its patent-protected chirped fiber Bragg grating and its athermal structure technology. The transceiver, which MEL has dubbed MLT (for “Mechanically Locked Tunable”), will consume half the power of existing EML-based transceivers and one third of the new tunable transceivers, the company asserts.
The company did not say when the MLT optical transceiver would be available.
The transceiver will offer a tuning range of 40 wavelengths with 100-GHz spacing over the C- or L-Band. Technicians will tune the MLT SFP transceiver by typing in a wavelength number on the panel of an electro-mechanic tuner. Although the wavelength is mechanically locked for the end of transceiver life, if necessary, the wavelength can be re-tuned at different wavelengths repeatedly.
According to Dr. B.W. Kim, the CEO of MEL, "Today's tunable transceivers are the products of lab engineers who had a fixation of changing wavelengths as many [times] as possible, but in reality and practice, you need to seldom change wavelength while in operation for broadband data transport and access networks."
MEL will display the MLT SFP transceiver TOSA, without the actual tuner, at the forthcoming ECOC in Geneva, September 19-21.
Oclaro Inc. (NASDAQ: OCLR) has added a zero-chirp full-band tunable XFP to its tunable optical transceiver module portfolio. Now in production, the zero-chirp tunable XFP provides equivalent performance to 300-pin optical transceiver modules in a smaller pluggable, MSA footprint with low power consumption, according to Oclaro.
The zero chirp tunable XFP comes in multiple configurations, including APD or PIN receiver options. The tunable XFP is fully qualified and released to production, complementing Oclaro’s negative-chirp tunable XFP.
According to Jim Haynes, president and general manager of Oclaro's Photonic Components Business Unit, "Our customers need tunable lasers in a variety of formats and our goal is to be the one-stop shop with the solutions that match their evolving product requirements."
Speaking with Lightwave, Robert Blum, who runs product marketing for the Photonic Components Business Unit, said that Oclaro has the technology in-house to produce tunable devices in even smaller footprints. He declined to say when the company might have a competitor to the tunable SFP+ JDSU has promised to make available next year (see “JDSU touts tunable SFP+ optical transceiver module”).
Monday, May 28, 2012
Monday, May 21, 2012
Sumitomo Electric expands module line
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. (TOKYO: 5802) (ISIN: JP3407400005) will unveil three new optical modules during OFC/NFOEC this week at booth #1624. The modules address 40-Gbps and 100-Gbps applications.
Sumitomo Electric will debut two 40-Gbps devices The first, a 40G-LR4 QSFP+, targets data centers that use multiple tiers of networks to aggregate and link traffic. The QSFP+ format offers improvements in real estate, power, and port density over typically larger modules now in use. The new device complies with the QSFP+ Multi-Source Agreement (MSA), consumes a maximum of 2.5 W, and will support both IEEE802.3ba (40GBase-LR4) and ITU-T G.695 (OTU3) operation over as much as 10 km via standard singlemode fiber. Sumitomo will demonstrate the QSFP+ using an IXIA QSFP+ load module.
The other 40-Gbps module is what Sumitomo Electric asserts is the first 40G-FR CFP for 2 km applications. It is enabled via Sumitomo Electric’s high speed 40-Gbps electro-absorption modulator integrated laser diode for the optical transmitter and a high-speed PIN photodiode for the optical receiver. The 40G-FR CFP can support both IEEE 802.3bg (40GBase-FR) and ITU-T G.693 (OTU3); its maximum power consumption is compliant with CFP MSA power class 2.
The CFP demonstration will use the Anritsu MD1260A test instrurment for 40GbE. Sumitomo Electric has already released the 40GbE CFP optical transceiver for 10-km (40G-LR4) and 40-km (40G-ER4) reach. The 40G-FR CFP modules are shipping now with mass production planned for the second quarter of 2012.
At 100 Gbps, Sumitomo Electric will have a new 100G-LR4 CFP Low Power module for singlemode fiber connections of up to 10 km. The new module incorporates a CMOS-based Gearbox IC that requires only about two-thirds of the current 100G-LR4 CFP (maximum 16 W), the company says. The 100G-LR4 CFP modules offer customers IEEE802.3ba (100GBASE-LR4) and ITU-T G.959.1 (OTU4) connectivity options for data center, enterprise wiring closet, and service provider transport applications.
The company also will display its 10-Gbps DWDM and CWDM transceivers in the SFP+ form factor. The SFP+ transceivers can be used in metro and other telecom markets and include Limiting/Linear 80-km DWDM and 40-km/70-km CWDM SFP+ modules.
Sumitomo Electric will debut two 40-Gbps devices The first, a 40G-LR4 QSFP+, targets data centers that use multiple tiers of networks to aggregate and link traffic. The QSFP+ format offers improvements in real estate, power, and port density over typically larger modules now in use. The new device complies with the QSFP+ Multi-Source Agreement (MSA), consumes a maximum of 2.5 W, and will support both IEEE802.3ba (40GBase-LR4) and ITU-T G.695 (OTU3) operation over as much as 10 km via standard singlemode fiber. Sumitomo will demonstrate the QSFP+ using an IXIA QSFP+ load module.
The other 40-Gbps module is what Sumitomo Electric asserts is the first 40G-FR CFP for 2 km applications. It is enabled via Sumitomo Electric’s high speed 40-Gbps electro-absorption modulator integrated laser diode for the optical transmitter and a high-speed PIN photodiode for the optical receiver. The 40G-FR CFP can support both IEEE 802.3bg (40GBase-FR) and ITU-T G.693 (OTU3); its maximum power consumption is compliant with CFP MSA power class 2.
The CFP demonstration will use the Anritsu MD1260A test instrurment for 40GbE. Sumitomo Electric has already released the 40GbE CFP optical transceiver for 10-km (40G-LR4) and 40-km (40G-ER4) reach. The 40G-FR CFP modules are shipping now with mass production planned for the second quarter of 2012.
At 100 Gbps, Sumitomo Electric will have a new 100G-LR4 CFP Low Power module for singlemode fiber connections of up to 10 km. The new module incorporates a CMOS-based Gearbox IC that requires only about two-thirds of the current 100G-LR4 CFP (maximum 16 W), the company says. The 100G-LR4 CFP modules offer customers IEEE802.3ba (100GBASE-LR4) and ITU-T G.959.1 (OTU4) connectivity options for data center, enterprise wiring closet, and service provider transport applications.
The company also will display its 10-Gbps DWDM and CWDM transceivers in the SFP+ form factor. The SFP+ transceivers can be used in metro and other telecom markets and include Limiting/Linear 80-km DWDM and 40-km/70-km CWDM SFP+ modules.
Sunday, May 13, 2012
Reverse RDF
The main problem with RDF is that it required a special antenna on the vehicle, which may not be easy to mount on smaller vehicles or single-crew aircraft. A smaller problem is that the accuracy of the system is based to a degree on the size of the antenna, but larger antennas would likewise make the installation more difficult.
During the era between World War I and World War II, a number of systems were introduced that placed the rotating antenna on the ground. As the antenna rotated through a fixed position, typically due north, the antenna was keyed with the morse code signal of the station's identification letters so the receiver could ensure they were listening to the right station. Then they waited for the signal to either peak or disappear as the antenna briefly pointed in their direction. By timing the delay between the morse signal and the peak/null, then dividing by the known rotational rate of the station, the bearing of the station could be calculated.
The first such system was the German Telefunken Kompass Sender, which began operations in 1907 and was used operationally by the Zepplin fleet until 1918. An improved version was introduced by the UK as the Orfordness Beacon in 1929 and used until the mid-1930s. A number of improved versions followed, replacing the mechanical motion of the antennas with phasing techniques that produced the same output pattern with no moving parts. One of the longest lasting examples was Sonne, which went into operation just before World War II and used operationally under the name Consol until 1991. The modern VOR system is based on the same principles.
During the era between World War I and World War II, a number of systems were introduced that placed the rotating antenna on the ground. As the antenna rotated through a fixed position, typically due north, the antenna was keyed with the morse code signal of the station's identification letters so the receiver could ensure they were listening to the right station. Then they waited for the signal to either peak or disappear as the antenna briefly pointed in their direction. By timing the delay between the morse signal and the peak/null, then dividing by the known rotational rate of the station, the bearing of the station could be calculated.
The first such system was the German Telefunken Kompass Sender, which began operations in 1907 and was used operationally by the Zepplin fleet until 1918. An improved version was introduced by the UK as the Orfordness Beacon in 1929 and used until the mid-1930s. A number of improved versions followed, replacing the mechanical motion of the antennas with phasing techniques that produced the same output pattern with no moving parts. One of the longest lasting examples was Sonne, which went into operation just before World War II and used operationally under the name Consol until 1991. The modern VOR system is based on the same principles.
Monday, May 7, 2012
Modernization
The relative peace of the Tokugawa era was shattered with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry's massive U.S. Navy steamships in 1853. Perry used his superior firepower to force Japan to open its borders to trade. Prior to that only a few harbor towns, under strict control from the Shogunate, were allowed to participate in Western trade, and even then, it was based largely on the idea of playing the Franciscans and Dominicans off against one another (in exchange for the crucial arquebus technology, which in turn was a major contributor to the downfall of the classical samurai).
From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto.
French naval engineers were hired to build naval arsenals, such as Yokosuka and Nagasaki. By the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1867, the Japanese navy of the shogun already possessed eight western-style steam warships around the flagship Kaiyō Maru, which were used against pro-imperial forces during the Boshin war, under the command of Admiral Enomoto. A French Military Mission to Japan (1867) was established to help modernize the armies of the Bakufu.
The last showing of the original samurai was in 1867 when samurai from Chōshū and Satsuma provinces defeated the Shogunate forces in favor of the rule of the emperor in the Boshin War (1868–1869). The two provinces were the lands of the daimyo that submitted to Ieyasu after the Battle of Sekigahara (1600).
The Tokugawa Shogunate also isolated Japan until 1868 when the Meiji restoration shifted power from the shogunate to the Imperial family.
From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto.
French naval engineers were hired to build naval arsenals, such as Yokosuka and Nagasaki. By the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1867, the Japanese navy of the shogun already possessed eight western-style steam warships around the flagship Kaiyō Maru, which were used against pro-imperial forces during the Boshin war, under the command of Admiral Enomoto. A French Military Mission to Japan (1867) was established to help modernize the armies of the Bakufu.
The last showing of the original samurai was in 1867 when samurai from Chōshū and Satsuma provinces defeated the Shogunate forces in favor of the rule of the emperor in the Boshin War (1868–1869). The two provinces were the lands of the daimyo that submitted to Ieyasu after the Battle of Sekigahara (1600).
The Tokugawa Shogunate also isolated Japan until 1868 when the Meiji restoration shifted power from the shogunate to the Imperial family.
Wednesday, May 2, 2012
The Monkees
In 1965, Dolenz was cast inside television sitcom The Monkees and became the drummer plus a lead vocalist within the band suitable for the show. Micky said later that someone at Screen Gems forgot to make contact with his agent to express to him the series was selected by NBC; he wound up studying his new job by reading the announcement in Variety. He has not been then a drummer. He needed lessons even to be capable of mime credibly, but eventually was taught the way to play properly. When The Monkees continued tour in late 1966, Dolenz was competent enough to learn the drums himself.[3] (He learned to play right-handed and left-footed.)
Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart, writers of the many in the Monkees' songs, observed quickly anytime brought in on the studio together, a few actors would seek to crack one another up. For this reason, they would often introduce each singer individually. The antics escalated once, until Micky poured a cup of ice on Don Kirshner's head; at that time, Dolenz would never know Kirshner on sight.
As outlined by Mike Nesmith, it turned out Dolenz's voice that made the Monkees' sound distinctive, and in some cases during tension-filled times Nesmith and Peter Tork voluntarily surrended lead vocal duties to Dolenz them selves compositions, including Tork's "For Pete's Sake", which took over as the closing title theme for the second season of the Show on tv.
Dolenz wrote several of the band’s songs and also providing the lead vocals for such hits as "Last Train to Clarksville", "Take a Giant Step" and "I'm a Believer". To your end in the series’ hectic two-year run, Dolenz directed and co-wrote what turned into the show’s final episode.[citation needed]
Despite being even more of a singer than a musician, Micky purchased the important 25 Moog synthesizers, the next Moog Synthesizer ever commercially sold. (The initial two belonged to Wendy Carlos and Buck Owens.) His performance about the Monkees song "Daily Nightly" (written by Michael Nesmith) in the LP, Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones Ltd., was the 1st usage of a synthesizer over a rock recording. He eventually sold his instrument to Bobby Sherman.
Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart, writers of the many in the Monkees' songs, observed quickly anytime brought in on the studio together, a few actors would seek to crack one another up. For this reason, they would often introduce each singer individually. The antics escalated once, until Micky poured a cup of ice on Don Kirshner's head; at that time, Dolenz would never know Kirshner on sight.
As outlined by Mike Nesmith, it turned out Dolenz's voice that made the Monkees' sound distinctive, and in some cases during tension-filled times Nesmith and Peter Tork voluntarily surrended lead vocal duties to Dolenz them selves compositions, including Tork's "For Pete's Sake", which took over as the closing title theme for the second season of the Show on tv.
Dolenz wrote several of the band’s songs and also providing the lead vocals for such hits as "Last Train to Clarksville", "Take a Giant Step" and "I'm a Believer". To your end in the series’ hectic two-year run, Dolenz directed and co-wrote what turned into the show’s final episode.[citation needed]
Despite being even more of a singer than a musician, Micky purchased the important 25 Moog synthesizers, the next Moog Synthesizer ever commercially sold. (The initial two belonged to Wendy Carlos and Buck Owens.) His performance about the Monkees song "Daily Nightly" (written by Michael Nesmith) in the LP, Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones Ltd., was the 1st usage of a synthesizer over a rock recording. He eventually sold his instrument to Bobby Sherman.
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